The development of the moving image
- KIRI MOTION
- Apr 9
- 3 min read
1. Shadow play
As early as 10000 BC shadow dancing and puppetry have been used as art forms. This is projection and the illusion of movement, but not a series of pictures, so not a motion picture.
2. Zoetrope (1834)
A spinning cylinder with slits. When you look through the slits at drawings inside, the images appear to move. Zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.
3. The Flip Book (1868)
A simple book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate.
4. Praxinoscope
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors,[1] placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.
Zoetrope invented by Edward. It may bridge to the Praxinoscope can be considered the first projected motion picture and function by placing a sequence of images on the disk and spinning it with a cover to display one image at one time in rapid succession this frame by frame motion was the beginning of the film industry shortly.
Kinetoscope
During 1888 in New York city, the great inventor Thomas Edison and his British assistant William Dickson set out to create a device which should record moving pictures.
Thomas Edition’s lab with the intention of working on a collaborative project that would combine the video of EDS apraxia scope with Edistion’s photograph, this exchange give Edistion the idea for his Kinetograph, and in 1889, decommission William Dickson and the Kinetograph came into the moving picture.
The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device.
Although it was not the movie projector, but its creation of simulated movement was the foundation for what would become a standard for film production and projection.
Over the course of 1895, it became clear that the Kinetoscope was going to lose out on one end to projected motion pictures and, on the other, to a new "peep show" device, the cheap, flip-book-based Mutoscope. In its second year of commercialization, the Kinetoscope operation's profits plummeted by more than 95 percent, to just over $4,000. The Latham brothers and their father, Woodville, had retained the services of former Edison employee Eugene Lauste and then, in April 1895, Dickson himself to develop a film projection system. On May 20, in New York City, the new Eidoloscope was used for the first commercial screening of a motion picture: a boxing match between Young Griffo and Charles Barnett, four or eight minutes long. European inventors, most prominently the Lumières and Germany's Skladanowsky brothers, were moving forward with similar systems.
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